• Anatomy Sequence

    Introduction to Anatomy

      1. What is Anatomy and Physiology?
      2. Overview of Systems
        1. Integumentary
        2. Skeletal
        3. Muscular
        4. Nervous
        5. Endocrine
        6. Digestive
        7. Circulatory
        8. Immune
        9. lymphatic
        10. Urinary
        11. Reproductive
      3. Homeostasis
        1. Positive and Negative Feedback Loops
        2. Afferent and Efferent pathways
      4. Cells, tissues, organs. systems. Organism
      5. Directional terms and Planes

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    Integumentary system

      1. Epidermis
        1. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
        2. Stratum Basale
          1. Melanocytes
          2. Keratinocytes
          3. Merkel cells
          4. Dermal Papillae
          5. Hair Follicle
            1. Follicle
            2. Shaft
            3. Hair color
            4. Root plexus
            5. Arrector Pilli Muscle
          6. Sebaceous glands
          7. Nails
        3. Stratum Spinosum
          1. Langerhans cells
          2. Desmosomes
        4. Stratum Granulosum
          1. Natural moisturizing factors
        5. Stratum Corneum
        6. Basement membrane
          1. Dermal papillae
          2. Blisters
          3. Vaso dilation / constriction
      2. Dermis
        1. Fibers
          1. Collagen
          2. Elastin
        2. Nerves
          1. Thermoreceptors
          2. Tickle/ itch
          3. Nociceptor
          4. Meissner corpuscle
          5. Pacinian corpuscle
          6. Ruffini receptors
        3. Glands
          1. Sudoriferous glands
          2. Apocrine glands
      3. Hypodermis
        1. Clinical
          1. Color/ appearance
            1. Pallor
            2. Erythema
            3. Cyanosis
            4. Jaundice
            5. Bruising
            6. Wrinkles
          2. Damage
            1. Burns
            2. Scars
            3. Infections
              1. Viral
              2. Bacterial
              3. Fungal
              4. Parasite
              5. Allergic

     

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    SKELETON SYSTEM

        1. Skull
          1. Frontal Bone
          2. Glabellar Process
            1. Supraorbital Foramen
            2. Coronal suture
          3. Parietal Bone
            1. Sagittal Suture
          4. Occipital Bone
            1. External occipital Protuberance
            2. Foramen Magnum
            3. Occipital Condyles
            4. Jugular foramen
            5. Lambdoid suture
          5. Temporal Bone
            1. External Auditory meatus
            2. Zygomatic process
            3. Mastoid Process
            4. Styloid Process
            5. Carotid canal
            6. Mandibular fossa
            7. Squamous suture
            8. Stylomastoid foramen
          6. Sphenoid
            1. Optic canal
            2. Sella Turcica
        2. Facial Bones
          1. Maxillae
            1. Palatine process
            2. Infraorbital Foramen
            3. Alveolar ridge
            4. Incisor foramen
          2. Zygomatic bone
            1. Temporal process
          3. Lacrimal Bone
          4. Ethmoid Bone
            1. Perpendicular plate
            2. Nasal conchae
            3. Crista galli
          5. Nasal Bones
          6. Vomer
        3. Mandible
          1. Mental Protuberance
          2. Mental Foramen
          3. Mandibular foramen
          4. Coronoid process
          5. Mandibular condyle
      2. Spine
        1. Cervical Vertebrae
          1. Atlas
            1. Occipital fossa
          2. Axis
            1. Dens (odontia  prominence)
        2. Thoracic Vertebrae
        3. Lumbar Vertebrae
        4. Vertebrae
          1. Spinous Process
          2. Transverse process
          3. Centrum ( body)
          4. Vertebral Foramen
        5. Sacrum
          1. Sacral hiatus- epidural
        6. Coccyx
      3. Sternum / Ribcage
        1. Suprasternal notch
        2. Manubrium
        3. Body
        4. Xiphoid process
        5. Costal Cartilage
        6. Ribs
          1. Floating
          2. False
          3. True
        7. Disk injuries
          1. Herniated disk
          2. Slipped disk
      4. Pelvic Girdle
        1. Ilium
          1. Iliac crest
          2. Greater sciatic notch
          3. Acetabulum
        2. Ischium
          1. Ischium tuberosity
        3. Pubis
          1. Pubis symphysis
          2. Obturator foramen
      5. Femur
        1. Head- fovea capitus ,Neck
        2. Greater Trochanter , Lesser Trochanter
        3. Medial and lateral condyle
      6. Patella
      7. Tibia
        1. Tibial Tuberosity
        2. Medial Malleolus
      8. Fibula
        1. Lateral malleolus
      9. Pectoral girdle
          1. clavicle
          2. Sternal  acromial ends
          3. Scapula
            1. Acromion
            2. Glenoid fossa ( cavity)
            3. Spine of scapula
            4. Supraspinous / infraspinous/ subscapular fossa
            5. Coracoid process
          4. Humerus
            1. Deltoid tuberosity
            2. Condyles
              1. Capitulum
              2. Trochlea
            3. Lateral and medial epicondyles
            4. Olecranon fossa
          5. Ulna
            1. Olecranon process
            2. Trochlear notch
            3. Styloid process
          6. Radius
            1. Radial Head
            2. Radial Tuberosity
            3. Styloid process
      10. Hands and Feet
          1. Carpals
            1. Scaphoid
            2. Triquetrum
            3. Lunate
            4. Pisiform
            5. Trapezium
            6. Trapezoid
            7. Capitate
            8. Hamate
          2. Metacarpal
          3. Phalanges (Proximal middle, distal)

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    MUSCLES OF THE BODY

      1. Cranium and Face
        1. Occipitalis
        2. Frontalis
        3. Galea Aponeurotica
      2. Eyes
        1. Corrugator supercili
        2. Orbicularis oculi
        3. Levator palpebrae
      3. Lips
        1. Orbicularis oris
        2. Platysma
        3. Nasalis
        4. Risoris
        5. Zygomaticus major
        6. Zygomaticus minor
        7. Buccinator
        8. Mentalis
        9. Depressor labii inferioris
        10. Levator labii superiorus
        11. Depressor labii angularis
        12. Levator labii superioris alaque nasi
        13. Levator labii angularis
      4. Mouth
        1. Temporalis
        2. Masseter
        3. Pterygoid
      5. Neck
        1. Geniohyoid
        2. Digastric
        3. Stylohyoid
        4. sterno/omo  hyoid
        5. Scalenes
        6. Sternocleidomastoid
        7. Rectus capitus anterior
        8. Splenius capitus
        9. Rectus capitus posterior
        10. Longus capitus anterior  

     

      1. Scapula
        1. Trapezius
        2. Longus capitus posterior
        3. Rhomboids
        4. Supraspinatus
        5. Infraspinatus
        6. Subscapularis
        7. Teres major
        8. Teres minor
        9. Serratus anterior
        10. Pectoralis minor
        11. Deltoid ante/post/ med
        12. Coracobrachialis
      2. Arm
        1. Latissimus dorsi
        2. Pectoralis major
        3. Biceps brachii
        4. Brachialis
        5. Brachioradialis
        6. Triceps brachii
      3. Torso
        1. Erector Spinae
        2. Interior oblique
        3. Transverse oblique
        4. Exterior oblique
        5. Rectus abdominus
      4. Legs
        1. Gluteus maximus/ medius/ minimus
        2. Semitendinosus
        3. Semimembranosus
        4. Biceps femoris
        5. Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus  intermedialis
        6. Rectus femoris
        7. Gracilis, Adductors Brevis, longus, magnus, Pectineus
        8. Tensor fascia latae
        9. Sartorius
        10. Iliopsoas
        11. Gastrocnemius
        12. Soleus
        13. Anterior tibialis

     

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    Urinary System

    1. External Urinary system:
      1. Adrenal gland
      2. Hilum
      3. Ureter
      4. Renal artery/ vein
      5. Bladder
      6. Trigone
      7. Urethra
      8. External orifice
    2. Problems
      1. Urinary tract infection
      2. Incontinence
      3. Prostate
      4. Pregnancy
      5. Kidney stones
      6. Artherosclerosis
      7. Kidney failure
    3. Internal Urinary System
      1. Cortex
      2. Medulla
      3. Renal Pyramids
      4. Renal Papillae
      5. Major / Minor calyx
      6. Renal pelvis
      7. Nephron:
        1. Glomerulus
        2. Bowman’s capsule
        3. Proximal convoluted tubule
        4. Loop of Henle
        5. Distal convoluted tubule:
        6. Collecting ducts:
        7. Antidiuretic hormone
        8. Aldosterone

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    Reproductive system

    1. Male Genitalia
      1. Penis
        1. Glans
        2. Shaft
        3. Corpus spongiosum
        4. Corpora cavernosa
        5. Prepuce
      2. Testicle
        1. Scrotum
        2. Cremaster muscle
        3. Dartos muscle
        4. Seminiferous tubules
        5. Epididymis
      3. Spermatogenesis
        1. Spermatid
        2. Sperm
        3. Semen
        4. Flagellum
        5. Acrosome
      4. Leydig cells
      5. Testosterone
      6. Secondary sex characteristics
    2. Vas Deferens
      1. Vasectomy
      2. Peristalsis
      3. Seminal vesicle
      4. Prostate
      5. Bulbourethral gland/Cowper’s gland
        1. Mucus
        2. Prostaglandins
        3. Base
        4. Fructose
        5. PSA
        6. Zinc
      6. Vasodilation
      7. Urethra
      8. Parasympathetic nervous system
      9. Sympathetic Nervous system
    3. Female Genitalia
      1. Vulva
        1. Labia majora
        2. Labia minora
        3. Clitoris
        4. Clitoral Hood
        5. Urethral opening
        6. Vagina
          1. pH
          2. Vestibule
          3. Skene Glands
          4. Bartholin’s glands
        7. Cervix
          1. Cervix plug/ mucus
        8. Uterus
          1. Endometrium
          2. Endometriosis
          3. Fallopian tubes
            1. Ampulla
            2. Fimbriae
        9. Ovaries
          1. Egg
          2. Fertilization
      2. Homologous structures
        1. Gonads
        2. Copulatory organ
        3. Gametes
        4. Glans
        5. Stimulation
        6. Scrotum
        7. Mucus
    4. Ovulation
      1. Menstrual cycle
        1. Day 1
        2. Day 14
        3.  Hypothalamus
        4. Luteinizing hormone
        5. Follicle stimulating hormone
        6. Follicle
        7. Estrogen
        8. Puberty
        9. Human Chorionic gonadotropin
        10. Ovulation
        11. Progesterone
        12. Corpus luteum
          1. With pregnancy
          2. Without pregnancy
      2. Problems
        1. Syphilis
        2. Endometriosis
        3. Ectopic Pregnancy
        4. Placenta previa
        5. Gonorrhea
        6. Chlamydia
        7. HIV
        8. HPV
        9. Ovarian cyst PCOS
        10. Herpes

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    Respiratory system

      1. Nasal cavity
        1. Olfactory bulbs
        2. Nasal conchae (turbinates)
        3. Adenoids
        4. Eustachian tube
      2. Oral cavity
        1. Hard palate
        2. Soft Palate
        3. Uvula
        4. Tonsils
      3. Pharynx
        1. Nasopharynx
        2. Oropharynx
        3. laryngopharynx                           
      4. Larynx
        1. Epiglottis
        2. Hyoid bone
        3. Vocal Chords
        4. Thyroid cartilage
        5. Arytenoid cartilage
        6. Laryngeal prominence
      5. Trachea
        1. Cricoid cartilage
        2. C shaped cartilage
        3. Vocal chords
        4. Trachealis muscle
        5. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
        6. Mucociliary Escalator
    1. LUNGS
      1. thoracic cavity
      2. pleural  cavity.
      3. Diaphragm
      4. Bifurcation
      5. Bronchi
      6. Hilum
      7. Bronchitis
      8. Bronchioles
      9. Alveoli
      10. Elastase
      11. Emphysema

     

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    Cardiovascular system

    1. Thoracic cavity
      1. HEART
        1. Base
        2. Apex
        3. Vein
        4. Artery
        5. Right atrium
        6. Left Atrium
        7. Right Ventricle
        8. Left Ventricle
        9. Mitral Valve (bicuspid valve)
        10. Tricuspid valve (AV valve)
        11. Pulmonary valve (semilunar)
        12. Aortic valve (semilunar)
        13. Superior vena cava
        14. Inferior vena cava
        15. Pulmonary artery
        16. Pulmonary vein
        17. Aorta
        18. Interventricular septum
        19. Chordae tendinae
      2. SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE
        1. Atrial diastole
        2. Atrial systole
        3. Ventricle diastole
        4. Ventricular systole
        5. Isovolumetric
        6. End diastolic volume
        7. End Systolic volume
      3. MEASURING BLOOD FLOW
        1. Cardiac Output
        2. Heart Rate
        3. Blood pressure
        4. Arteriosclerosis
        5. Aneurysm
        6. Clot
        7. Stenosis
        8. Stent
        9. Bypass
        10. Viscosity

     

      1. BLOOD FLOW PATHWAYS
        1. Pulmonary circuit
        2. Systemic circuit
        3. Pulmonary artery
        4. Coronary arteries
        5. Systemic artery
        6. Capillary
        7. Arteriole
        8. Venule
      2. HEART BEATING
        1. Contractile cells
        2. Autorhythmic cells
        3. Pacemaker
        4. SA node
        5. AV node
        6. Bundle of His
        7. Purkinje fibers
        8. Polarized
      3. Sinus wave
        1. PQRST Wave
        2. Bradycardia
        3. Atrial Tachycardia
        4. Arrhythmia
        5. Ventricular Tachycardia
        6. Atrial Fibrillation
        7. Ischemia
        8. Infarct
        9. Myocardial Infarction
        10. Angina

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

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    Digestive system

    Oral cavity

      1. Teeth
        1. Incisors: Canine: Premolars Molars Wisdom teeth
      2. Labial frenulum
      3. Lingual frenulum
        1. Vestibule
      4. Glands
        1. Salivary amylase
        2. Parotid
        3. Submandibular
        4. sublingual gland
    2. Esophagus
      1. peristalsis
    3. Stomach
      1. Esophageal sphincter
      2. Pyloric sphincter
      3. Rugae
      4. Ulcer
      5. Chyme
    4. Small intestine
      1. Duodenum, Jejunum ,Ileum
      2. Villi/ microvilli
      3. Brush borders:
      4. Ileo-cecal sphincter
    5. Pancreas:
      1. Lipase, trypsin, Amylase
    6. Liver
      1. Bile
      2. Gall stones
      3. Common bile duct:
    7. Large intestine
      1. Appendix
      2. ascending colon, Transverse colon Descending colon, Sigmoid
      3. Rectum
      4. Anus
    8. Digestive Disorders
      1.  diarrhea:
      2.  constipation:
      3. Irritable bowel syndrome
      4. Celiac’s
      5. Lactose intolerance
      6. Diverticulitis  
      7. Hemorroids

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    EYES

      1. Adnexa
        1. Meibomian glands
        2. Lacrimal gland
        3. Punctum
        4. Nasolacrimal duct
        5. Canthus
        6. Caruncle
        7. Stye
        8. Chalazion
        9. Conjunctiva
      2. Rectus muscle
      3. Amblyopia, Nystagmus, Duane’s syndrome
      4. Eyeball
        1. Cornea
          1. Epithelium ,bowman’s layer, stroma ,Descemet’s membrane, Endothelium
        2. Anterior chamber
        3. Aqueous humor
        4. Astigmatism
        5. Iris
        6. Lens
        7. Cataract
        8. Presbyopia
        9. Zonule
        10. Accommodation
        11. Refraction
        12. Ciliary body
        13. Choroid
        14. Sclera
        15. Tapetum lucidum
        16. Posterior Chamber
        17. Vitreous humor
        18. Retina
          1. Rods
          2. Cones
          3. Vitamin A
          4. Macula
          5. Fovea
          6. Bleaching effect
          7. Farsighted
          8. Nearsighted

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    EAR

      1. Pinna
      2. Outer Ear
        1. Helix
        2. Tragus
        3. Antihelix
        4.  Crux
        5. Lobe
      3. Sound wave vs light wave
        1. Decibel
        2. 50db
        3. 120 db
        4. Pitch
      4. External acoustic meatus
        1. Ceruminous gland
        2. External otitis
        3. Tympanic membrane
      5. Middle Ear
        1. ossicles
          1. Malleus
          2. Incus
          3. Stapes
          4. Tensor tympanum
          5. Stapedius muscle
        2. Eustachian tube
      6. Inner Ear
        1. Presbycusis
        2. Oval window
        3. Round window
        4. Endolymph
        5. Cillia
        6. Auditory nerve
        7. Tinnitus
        8. Conductive hearing loss
        9.  Sensorineural hearing loss
        10. Cochlea
      7. Vestibular system
        1. Proprioception
        2. Semicircular canals
        3. Meniere’s syndrome
        4. Vertigo

     

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    THE BRAIN

    1. Grey Matter
    2. White matter
    3. Sulcus
    4. Gyrus
      1. Lateral sulcus
      2. Parieto-occipital sulcus
      3. Central sulcus
    5. Synaptic pruning
    6. Myelination
    7. Hemisphere
    8. Cerebellum
      1. Lobes
        1. Occipital Lobe
          1. Visual cortex
          2. Visual association area
          3. Dorsal Stream
          4. Ventral Stream
        2. Parietal lobe
          1. Somatosensory Cortex
          2. Somatosensory Association Area
          3. Proprioception
          4. Body integrity disorder
          5. Phantom limb syndrome
          6. Wernicke’s area
          7. Wernicke’s Aphasia
        3. Frontal Lobe
          1. Broca’s area
          2. Broca’s Aphasia
          3. Motor association
          4. Motor cortex
          5. Prefrontal cortex
        4. Temporal Lobe
          1. Fusiform Gyrus
          2. Prosopagnosia
          3. Auditory cortex
          4. Auditory association area
        5. Cingulate Gyrus
        6. Limbic system
          1. Fornix
          2. Amygdala
          3. Hippocampus
            1. Anterograde amnesia
            2. Retrograde amnesia
            3. Encoding
            4. Proactive interference
            5. Retroactive interference
        7. Amygdala
          1. Anxiety disorder Psychopathy
      2. Contralateral control
      3. Neurotransmitter/ Hormone
        1. Cortisol
        2. Norepinephrine
        3. Serotonin
        4. Dopamine
        5. Vasopressin
        6. Oxytocin
        7. Testosterone
        8. Estrogen
      4. Corpus callosum
      5. Brain stem
        1. Medulla oblongata
        2. pyramids
        3. Pons
          1. Locked in syndrome
        4. Midbrain
          1. Cerebral peduncles
          2. Parkinsons
          3. Corpora Quadrigemina
          4. Raphe nuclei
          5. Superior colliculi
          6. Inferior colliculi
      6. Cerebellum
        1. Arbor Vitae
        2. Folia
      7. Diencephalon
        1. Thalamus
        2. Hypothalamus
        3. Pituitary gland
        4. Pineal gland
          1. Melatonin

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     
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